I replaced the motherboard, which seemed to solve the fan speed / temperature for a few days, but after some jostling, it's now back to the same temperatures. I now suspect that my heatsink is the culprit and is not making proper contact with the CPU. I'm going to try to check the contact with the CPU today, and adjust or replace if necessary.
There doesn't seem to be an answer to my original question, so I'll accept this post as the answer and try to post further details for those who are interested.
Thanks to everyone for trying!