Jeff,
I believe our problem is solved.
I had a consultant come over yesterday and he spent nearly four hours checking everything and he said that everything was set up correctly. He thought it was a Sprint issue. I called up Sprint, they said that it's our system. I then considered calling Microsoft Phone Support but right before I did that I remembered that Link Speed can have an effect on network performance (since this spread from just the phones to QuickBooks and other file-based operations). I changed the Link Speed on both adapters to the maximum allowed on their respective switches. 1000Mb/Full for the LAN and 100Mb/Full on the WAN. Immediately after doing this all of the problems above went away! QuickBooks even runs five times faster than before. Logging onto and off of workstations takes no time at all.
Moderator,
Please close this question and refund my points as this issue was resolved by myself.