>> Can the bios be changed from the OS level?<<< sure it can; you can even flash it
>> Can power strips with no surge protection cause any issues I have been seeing? << power spikes and problems can cause almost anything
you may have have trouble with capacitors in mobo or PS, and after a while they loose the load, and get functional. PS'es can go into protect by spikes
dust - normally - is not conductive, and does not harm, unless it blocks the cooling