Simplified example;
1/ Backup to tape using tar (separate file systems using --one-file-system or full dump from root), use your preferred backup tool if you like.
2/ Obtain hardware listings, df -h, fdisk -l, etc.
3/ Oops disaster.. use different hardware (possibly)
4/ Boot from the main install media in rescue mode.
5/ Partition a disk.
6/ Mount all the partitions under /newroot or whatever.
7/ Restore from backup to /newroot.
8/ Customise the following if necessary;
/newroot/etc/fstab
/newroot/etc/modprobe.conf or the modules.conf file.
/newroot/boot/initrd using mkinitrd
/newroot/boot/grub/menu.lst
9/ Install the grub boot loader
10/ Reboot.
You could also do a base install and overlay your OS on the top.